https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/ Tue, 02 Jun 2026 23:18:38 +0000 MyBB https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Electrical-Power-Quality-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:28:56 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Electrical-Power-Quality-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT I  
Introduction: Power Quality (PQ), PQ problems , Sags, Swells, Transients, Harmonics, Interruptions, Flicker, Voltage fluctuations, Notch. PQ Issues, Assessing PQ: Remedies -Customer side of meter, Utility side of the meter. Power quality monitoring – Monitoring considerations, Historical Perspective of PQ Measuring Instruments, PQ measurement equipment, Assessment of PQ measurement data, Application of intelligent systems, PQ monitoring standards.

UNIT II  
Voltage Sag Analysis: Voltage sag characteristics - Methodology for computation of voltage sag magnitude and occurrence — Accuracy of sag analysis — Duration & frequency of sags — Faults behind transformers — Effect of pre-fault voltage — Simple examples — Voltage dip problems, fast assessment methods for voltage sags in distribution systems.

UNIT III  
PQ Consideration in Industrial Power Systems: Adjustable speed drive (ASD) systems and applications — Sources of power system harmonics — Mitigation of harmonics — Characterization of voltage sags experienced by three-phase ASD systems — Types of sags and phase angle jumps — Effects of momentary voltage dips on the operation of induction and synchronous motors.

UNIT IV  
Harmonics: Harmonic distortion, Voltage versus current distortion, Harmonics versus Transients, Harmonic Indices, Harmonic sources from commercial loads, Harmonic sources from industrial loads, Locating Harmonic sources, System response characteristics, Effects of Harmonic distortion, Inter harmonics, Devices for controlling harmonic distortion.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT I  
Introduction: Power Quality (PQ), PQ problems , Sags, Swells, Transients, Harmonics, Interruptions, Flicker, Voltage fluctuations, Notch. PQ Issues, Assessing PQ: Remedies -Customer side of meter, Utility side of the meter. Power quality monitoring – Monitoring considerations, Historical Perspective of PQ Measuring Instruments, PQ measurement equipment, Assessment of PQ measurement data, Application of intelligent systems, PQ monitoring standards.

UNIT II  
Voltage Sag Analysis: Voltage sag characteristics - Methodology for computation of voltage sag magnitude and occurrence — Accuracy of sag analysis — Duration & frequency of sags — Faults behind transformers — Effect of pre-fault voltage — Simple examples — Voltage dip problems, fast assessment methods for voltage sags in distribution systems.

UNIT III  
PQ Consideration in Industrial Power Systems: Adjustable speed drive (ASD) systems and applications — Sources of power system harmonics — Mitigation of harmonics — Characterization of voltage sags experienced by three-phase ASD systems — Types of sags and phase angle jumps — Effects of momentary voltage dips on the operation of induction and synchronous motors.

UNIT IV  
Harmonics: Harmonic distortion, Voltage versus current distortion, Harmonics versus Transients, Harmonic Indices, Harmonic sources from commercial loads, Harmonic sources from industrial loads, Locating Harmonic sources, System response characteristics, Effects of Harmonic distortion, Inter harmonics, Devices for controlling harmonic distortion.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Digital-Communication-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:27:54 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Digital-Communication-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I 
Introduction to Digital Communication: Line coding: NRZ, RZ, Manchester encoding, differential Manchester encoding, AMI coding, high density bipolar code, binary with n-zero substitution codes, 
Review of sampling theorem, uniform and non- uniform quantization, companding, µ Law and A- law compressors, Concept and Analysis of PCM, DPCM, DM and ADM modulators and demodulators, M-ary waveforms, S/N ratio for all modulation, probability of error for PCM in AWGN Channel and other modulation techniques, Duo Binary pulse.

UNIT- II    
Random Signal Theory: Probability, Concept of Random variable (Stationary, Non stationary, WSS, SSS), Random process, CDF, PDF, Joint CDF, Joint PDF, marginal PDF, Mean, Moments, Central Moment Auto-correlation & Cross-correlation, covariance functions, ergodicity, power spectral density, Gaussian distribution, Uniform distribution, Rayleigh distribution, Binomial distribution, Poisson’s distribution, Weiner distribution, Wiener-khinchin  theorem, Central limit Theorem.

UNIT- III   
Designing of Receiver:  Analysis of digital receiver, Prediction Filter, Design and Property of Matched filter, Correlator Receiver, Orthogonal Signal, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure, Maximum likelihood receiver, Coherent receiver design, Inter Symbol Interference, Eye Pattern.

UNIT- IV  
Digital modulation schemes:  Coherent Binary Schemes: ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, MSK, G-MSK. Coherent M-ary Schemes, Incoherent Schemes (DPSK and DEPSK), Calculation of average probability of error for different modulation schemes, Power spectra of digitally modulated signals, Performance comparison of different digital modulation schemes.  Review of 2 Latest Research Paper.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I 
Introduction to Digital Communication: Line coding: NRZ, RZ, Manchester encoding, differential Manchester encoding, AMI coding, high density bipolar code, binary with n-zero substitution codes, 
Review of sampling theorem, uniform and non- uniform quantization, companding, µ Law and A- law compressors, Concept and Analysis of PCM, DPCM, DM and ADM modulators and demodulators, M-ary waveforms, S/N ratio for all modulation, probability of error for PCM in AWGN Channel and other modulation techniques, Duo Binary pulse.

UNIT- II    
Random Signal Theory: Probability, Concept of Random variable (Stationary, Non stationary, WSS, SSS), Random process, CDF, PDF, Joint CDF, Joint PDF, marginal PDF, Mean, Moments, Central Moment Auto-correlation & Cross-correlation, covariance functions, ergodicity, power spectral density, Gaussian distribution, Uniform distribution, Rayleigh distribution, Binomial distribution, Poisson’s distribution, Weiner distribution, Wiener-khinchin  theorem, Central limit Theorem.

UNIT- III   
Designing of Receiver:  Analysis of digital receiver, Prediction Filter, Design and Property of Matched filter, Correlator Receiver, Orthogonal Signal, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure, Maximum likelihood receiver, Coherent receiver design, Inter Symbol Interference, Eye Pattern.

UNIT- IV  
Digital modulation schemes:  Coherent Binary Schemes: ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, MSK, G-MSK. Coherent M-ary Schemes, Incoherent Schemes (DPSK and DEPSK), Calculation of average probability of error for different modulation schemes, Power spectra of digitally modulated signals, Performance comparison of different digital modulation schemes.  Review of 2 Latest Research Paper.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Intelligent-and-Smart-Instrumentation-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:26:55 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Intelligent-and-Smart-Instrumentation-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT-I 
Recent Trends in Sensor Technologies: Introduction; Film sensors (Thick film sensors, Thin film sensors); Semiconductor IC technology – standard methods; Microelectro-mechanical systems (Micro-machining, some application examples); Nano-sensors. Bulk Micromachining. Micromachining Surface Micromachining. Other Micromachining Techniques. (LIGA Process) Micromilling. Micromachined Materials, Digital transducers.

UNIT-II 
Sensors:- Primary sensors; Excitation; Amplification; Filters; Converters; Compensation (Nonlinearty: look up table method, polygon interpolation, polynomial interpolation, cubic spline interpolation, Approximation & regression; Noise & interference; Response time; Drift; Cross-sensitivity); Information Coding/ Processing; Data Communication; Standards for smart sensor interface.

UNIT-III
VI and Data Acquisition: Introduction to virtual Instrumentation, VI programming using LabVIEW, Signal Conditioning, DAQ  Hardware Configuration, DAQ Hardware, DAQ Software Architecture, DAQ Assistant, Channel and Task configuration, Selecting and Configuring a DAQ device,  Serial interfacing - RS 232C, RS 422, RS 423, RS 485.

UNIT IV  
Instrumentation Systems:- Types of Instrumentation systems, Intelligent Instrumentation, Component of Intelligent Instrumentation System, Concept of real time system  and its industrial application, realization of real time system  using microcontroller and typical applications.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT-I 
Recent Trends in Sensor Technologies: Introduction; Film sensors (Thick film sensors, Thin film sensors); Semiconductor IC technology – standard methods; Microelectro-mechanical systems (Micro-machining, some application examples); Nano-sensors. Bulk Micromachining. Micromachining Surface Micromachining. Other Micromachining Techniques. (LIGA Process) Micromilling. Micromachined Materials, Digital transducers.

UNIT-II 
Sensors:- Primary sensors; Excitation; Amplification; Filters; Converters; Compensation (Nonlinearty: look up table method, polygon interpolation, polynomial interpolation, cubic spline interpolation, Approximation & regression; Noise & interference; Response time; Drift; Cross-sensitivity); Information Coding/ Processing; Data Communication; Standards for smart sensor interface.

UNIT-III
VI and Data Acquisition: Introduction to virtual Instrumentation, VI programming using LabVIEW, Signal Conditioning, DAQ  Hardware Configuration, DAQ Hardware, DAQ Software Architecture, DAQ Assistant, Channel and Task configuration, Selecting and Configuring a DAQ device,  Serial interfacing - RS 232C, RS 422, RS 423, RS 485.

UNIT IV  
Instrumentation Systems:- Types of Instrumentation systems, Intelligent Instrumentation, Component of Intelligent Instrumentation System, Concept of real time system  and its industrial application, realization of real time system  using microcontroller and typical applications.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Power-Plant-Instrumentation-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:26:04 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Power-Plant-Instrumentation-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT I 
Power plant: Unit, overview, Types of boiler, Exhaust Gas Boilers and Incinerators, turbine generators, condensers, material handling systems. Comparison of thermal power plant, hydroelectric power plant, Nuclear power plant, solar power plant, Wind power plant.

UNIT II 
Boiler Instrumentation: Control and optimization, Combustion control, air to fuel ratio control, 3-element drum level control, steam temperature and pressure control, oxygen/CO2 in flue gases, furnace draft, boiler interlocks, sequence event recorder, supervisor control, data acquisition controls, burner management systems and controllers. Start-up and shut-down procedures, Boiler safety standard, Boiler inspection procedures. Boiler load calculation, boiler efficiency calculation.

UNIT IIII 
Turbine instrumentation and control, start-up and shut-down, thermal stress control, condition monitoring & power distribution instrumentation. Synchronous, Induction generators.

UNIT IV 
Hydroelectric power generation, regulation & monitoring of voltage & frequency of output power. Pollution & effluent monitoring & control. Energy Management, electrical sub-station controls Power Generation using non-conventional energy sources viz. Wind Power, solar Power, Tidal Power, Plant safety & redundancies. Nuclear Power Generation & control Station.  Diesel Generator Controls.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT I 
Power plant: Unit, overview, Types of boiler, Exhaust Gas Boilers and Incinerators, turbine generators, condensers, material handling systems. Comparison of thermal power plant, hydroelectric power plant, Nuclear power plant, solar power plant, Wind power plant.

UNIT II 
Boiler Instrumentation: Control and optimization, Combustion control, air to fuel ratio control, 3-element drum level control, steam temperature and pressure control, oxygen/CO2 in flue gases, furnace draft, boiler interlocks, sequence event recorder, supervisor control, data acquisition controls, burner management systems and controllers. Start-up and shut-down procedures, Boiler safety standard, Boiler inspection procedures. Boiler load calculation, boiler efficiency calculation.

UNIT IIII 
Turbine instrumentation and control, start-up and shut-down, thermal stress control, condition monitoring & power distribution instrumentation. Synchronous, Induction generators.

UNIT IV 
Hydroelectric power generation, regulation & monitoring of voltage & frequency of output power. Pollution & effluent monitoring & control. Energy Management, electrical sub-station controls Power Generation using non-conventional energy sources viz. Wind Power, solar Power, Tidal Power, Plant safety & redundancies. Nuclear Power Generation & control Station.  Diesel Generator Controls.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Object-Oriented-Programming-Using-C-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:25:14 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Object-Oriented-Programming-Using-C-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I                                
Object oriented programming concepts , Benefits of OOP, Applications of OOP , Introduction to C++, History of C++, Structure of C++, Difference between C and C++ , Basic data types, Derived data types, Symbolic constants., Dynamic initialization, Type modifiers, Type Casting, Operator and control statements, Input and Output statements in C++.Classes and objects, class specification, member function specification, scope resolution operator, Access qualifiers, Instance creation, Member functions. Function prototyping, Function components, Passing parameters, call by reference, Return by reference, Inline functions, Default arguments, Overloaded function.

UNIT- II  
Array of objects, pointers to objects, this pointer, Dynamic allocation operators, Dynamic objects.,Constructors, default constructor , Parameterized constructors , Constructor with dynamic allocation ,copy constructor , destructors,  operator overloading, friend functions, overloading through friend functions , overloading the assignment operator, static members Objects , pointers and objects ,constant objects ,nested classes , local classes

UNIT- III  
Inheritance, Defining derived classes, Single inheritance, protected data with private inheritance, multiple inheritance, multi level inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, hybrid inheritance, multipath inheritance, Constructors in derived and base class, Abstract classes, virtual function and dynamic polymorphism, pure virtual functions, virtual destructor, Exception Handling, principle of Exception handling, Exception handling mechanism, multiple catch, Nested try, Rethrowing the exception.

UNIT-IV                                                                                                                                            
Streams in C++, Stream classes, Formatted and Unformatted data, manipulators, User defined manipulators, file streams, file pointer manipulation, file open and close, Templates, Template functions and Template classes.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I                                
Object oriented programming concepts , Benefits of OOP, Applications of OOP , Introduction to C++, History of C++, Structure of C++, Difference between C and C++ , Basic data types, Derived data types, Symbolic constants., Dynamic initialization, Type modifiers, Type Casting, Operator and control statements, Input and Output statements in C++.Classes and objects, class specification, member function specification, scope resolution operator, Access qualifiers, Instance creation, Member functions. Function prototyping, Function components, Passing parameters, call by reference, Return by reference, Inline functions, Default arguments, Overloaded function.

UNIT- II  
Array of objects, pointers to objects, this pointer, Dynamic allocation operators, Dynamic objects.,Constructors, default constructor , Parameterized constructors , Constructor with dynamic allocation ,copy constructor , destructors,  operator overloading, friend functions, overloading through friend functions , overloading the assignment operator, static members Objects , pointers and objects ,constant objects ,nested classes , local classes

UNIT- III  
Inheritance, Defining derived classes, Single inheritance, protected data with private inheritance, multiple inheritance, multi level inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, hybrid inheritance, multipath inheritance, Constructors in derived and base class, Abstract classes, virtual function and dynamic polymorphism, pure virtual functions, virtual destructor, Exception Handling, principle of Exception handling, Exception handling mechanism, multiple catch, Nested try, Rethrowing the exception.

UNIT-IV                                                                                                                                            
Streams in C++, Stream classes, Formatted and Unformatted data, manipulators, User defined manipulators, file streams, file pointer manipulation, file open and close, Templates, Template functions and Template classes.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Electrical-System-Design-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:23:58 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Electrical-System-Design-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT-I 
Design of D.C Machines: Design specifications – output equation – output coefficient – specific loadings – choice of speed and number of poles – calculation of D and L – Armature design – choice of type of winding – number of sots – number of conductors per slot – current density – cross sectional area – slot insulation – length of air gap – field winding design – field ampere turns – excitation voltage per coil – conductor cross section – height of pole – design of ventilating ducts – design of commutator and brushes – Carter’s coefficient – real and apparent flux density.

UNIT- II 
Transformers: Design – single phase and three phase – output equation – specific magnetic loading – core design – single, stepped core – windings – number of turns – current density – area of cross section of conductors – types of coils – insulation – window area – window space factor – overall dimensions – cooling – design of cooling tank with tubes – design of distribution and power transformers – design of small transformers like 230V/6-0-6V. Heating, cooling and temperature rise calculation – Continuous, short time and intermittent rating.

UNIT-III 
Design of Synchronous Machines: Specific loading – output equation – output coefficient – main dimensions – types of winding – design of field system – turbo alternator – main dimensions – stator design – rotor design – damper winding design – comparison of water wheel and turbo alternators, cooling of turbo alternator. Design of three phase Induction motors: output equation – output coefficient – main dimensions – rotor bar currents.

UNIT-IV 
Estimate the quantity of materials required and draw the electrical wiring layout of 
(a) residential building 
(b) Multi-storied building using rising mains 
© factory with one number of small and high rating motor at LT ot HT supply and many number of connected loads with suitable starters/switches and control panels 
(d) Cinema hall design, layout and estimation of power supply arrangement for 
(1). A bulk Industrial consumer 
(2) An underground power supply 
(3) An Over head line to a rural consumer. 
Estimate and draw the layout of 
(1) indoor 
(2) outdoor 11KV transformer station with all accessories – single line diagram and physical layout 
Design and draw the typical earthing installation like 
(1) pipe earthing 
(2) Plate earthing
(3) earth mat/grid.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT-I 
Design of D.C Machines: Design specifications – output equation – output coefficient – specific loadings – choice of speed and number of poles – calculation of D and L – Armature design – choice of type of winding – number of sots – number of conductors per slot – current density – cross sectional area – slot insulation – length of air gap – field winding design – field ampere turns – excitation voltage per coil – conductor cross section – height of pole – design of ventilating ducts – design of commutator and brushes – Carter’s coefficient – real and apparent flux density.

UNIT- II 
Transformers: Design – single phase and three phase – output equation – specific magnetic loading – core design – single, stepped core – windings – number of turns – current density – area of cross section of conductors – types of coils – insulation – window area – window space factor – overall dimensions – cooling – design of cooling tank with tubes – design of distribution and power transformers – design of small transformers like 230V/6-0-6V. Heating, cooling and temperature rise calculation – Continuous, short time and intermittent rating.

UNIT-III 
Design of Synchronous Machines: Specific loading – output equation – output coefficient – main dimensions – types of winding – design of field system – turbo alternator – main dimensions – stator design – rotor design – damper winding design – comparison of water wheel and turbo alternators, cooling of turbo alternator. Design of three phase Induction motors: output equation – output coefficient – main dimensions – rotor bar currents.

UNIT-IV 
Estimate the quantity of materials required and draw the electrical wiring layout of 
(a) residential building 
(b) Multi-storied building using rising mains 
© factory with one number of small and high rating motor at LT ot HT supply and many number of connected loads with suitable starters/switches and control panels 
(d) Cinema hall design, layout and estimation of power supply arrangement for 
(1). A bulk Industrial consumer 
(2) An underground power supply 
(3) An Over head line to a rural consumer. 
Estimate and draw the layout of 
(1) indoor 
(2) outdoor 11KV transformer station with all accessories – single line diagram and physical layout 
Design and draw the typical earthing installation like 
(1) pipe earthing 
(2) Plate earthing
(3) earth mat/grid.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Power-System-Analysis-and-Stability-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:21:54 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Power-System-Analysis-and-Stability-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I   
LOAD FLOW STUDIES  
Type of buses , bus admittance method , load flow equation , GS method , NR method , Fast decoupled load flow.

UNIT- II                   
FAULT CALCULATIONS  
Symmetrical Components, symmetrical faults, unsymmetrical faults, Sequence networks for synchronous Machines, Transformers and Transmission Line, Sequence impedance.

UNIT- III 
POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
Introduction, swing equation, steady state stability, equal area criteria, critical clearing angle, point by point method, factors affecting Steady State and Transient Stability and Methods of Improvements.

UNIT-IV 
OPTIMAL POWER FLOW  
Problem statement, solution of optimal power flow , gradient method , Newton method , Linear sensitivity analysis, LP methods- with real power variables only, LP method with ac power flow variable and detailed cost functions, security constraint optimal power flow]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I   
LOAD FLOW STUDIES  
Type of buses , bus admittance method , load flow equation , GS method , NR method , Fast decoupled load flow.

UNIT- II                   
FAULT CALCULATIONS  
Symmetrical Components, symmetrical faults, unsymmetrical faults, Sequence networks for synchronous Machines, Transformers and Transmission Line, Sequence impedance.

UNIT- III 
POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
Introduction, swing equation, steady state stability, equal area criteria, critical clearing angle, point by point method, factors affecting Steady State and Transient Stability and Methods of Improvements.

UNIT-IV 
OPTIMAL POWER FLOW  
Problem statement, solution of optimal power flow , gradient method , Newton method , Linear sensitivity analysis, LP methods- with real power variables only, LP method with ac power flow variable and detailed cost functions, security constraint optimal power flow]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Electrical-Energy-Conservation-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:20:59 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Electrical-Energy-Conservation-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT I 
Energy Conservation and Energy Policies  
Energy policies of India and their development, Central and estate Policies on the consumption and wastage of energy, need of renewable energy in India, Energy efficiency, Energy accounting, monitoring and control, Electricity audit and related instruments,  Energy consumption models, Specific Energy Consumption, ECO assessment and Evaluation methods Energy conservation schemes, Investment in energy saving equipments, subsidies and tax rebates, Development of Energy Management System.

UNIT II 
Energy Conservation in Electrical Installations  
Electric loads of air conditioning and refrigeration, Energy conservation,  Power consumption in compressors, Energy conservation measures, Electrolytic process, Electric heating, Furnace operation and scheduling, Transformer loading ,efficiency analysis, Feeder loss evaluation, Reactive Power, Power factor and its improvement, Capacitor sizing, Capacitor losses, location, placement and maintenance, Case studies.

UNIT III
Energy Efficient Motors  
Types and operating characteristics of electric motors,  Energy efficient control and starting – Load matching, Selection of motors, Efficiency and load analysis, Energy efficiency, High efficiency motors, Industrial drives, Control schemes, Variable speed drives and Energy conservation schemes, Pumps and fans,  Efficient control strategies,  Over-sizing Case studies.

UNIT IV 
Energy Efficient Building / Green Building 
Energy Conservation in Buildings Air conditioning, monitoring and control systems of energy efficient buildings. Principle of Energy efficient building design water heading system, photovoltaic systems and Energy conservation in lighting schemes, Energy efficient light sources, Domestic, commercial and industrial lighting,  Lighting controls,  Luminaries.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT I 
Energy Conservation and Energy Policies  
Energy policies of India and their development, Central and estate Policies on the consumption and wastage of energy, need of renewable energy in India, Energy efficiency, Energy accounting, monitoring and control, Electricity audit and related instruments,  Energy consumption models, Specific Energy Consumption, ECO assessment and Evaluation methods Energy conservation schemes, Investment in energy saving equipments, subsidies and tax rebates, Development of Energy Management System.

UNIT II 
Energy Conservation in Electrical Installations  
Electric loads of air conditioning and refrigeration, Energy conservation,  Power consumption in compressors, Energy conservation measures, Electrolytic process, Electric heating, Furnace operation and scheduling, Transformer loading ,efficiency analysis, Feeder loss evaluation, Reactive Power, Power factor and its improvement, Capacitor sizing, Capacitor losses, location, placement and maintenance, Case studies.

UNIT III
Energy Efficient Motors  
Types and operating characteristics of electric motors,  Energy efficient control and starting – Load matching, Selection of motors, Efficiency and load analysis, Energy efficiency, High efficiency motors, Industrial drives, Control schemes, Variable speed drives and Energy conservation schemes, Pumps and fans,  Efficient control strategies,  Over-sizing Case studies.

UNIT IV 
Energy Efficient Building / Green Building 
Energy Conservation in Buildings Air conditioning, monitoring and control systems of energy efficient buildings. Principle of Energy efficient building design water heading system, photovoltaic systems and Energy conservation in lighting schemes, Energy efficient light sources, Domestic, commercial and industrial lighting,  Lighting controls,  Luminaries.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Electrical-Machine-III-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:19:55 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Electrical-Machine-III-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT I:   
Induction Generator: Torque-speed characteristics of an Induction machine under generation mode, Line/grid Connected Induction Generator: Operation and Limitations, Self-Excited Induction Generator: Process of selfexcitation, conditions of self-excitation, critical capacitance curve, No load characteristics, load characteristics, frequency characteristics, Voltage characteristics improvement using additional terminal capacitors. Doubly fed Induction generator, Induction voltage regulator.

UNIT II:   
Stepper Motors: Principle of operation, characteristics and analysis of variable reluctance, permanent magnet and hybrid stepper motors, torque equation, drive circuits and switching diagrams, Open-Loop Control of Stepper Motor, Microprocessor-Based Control of Stepper Motor.  
Switched Reluctance Motors: Construction, principle of operation, torque production, modes of operation, drive circuits, microprocessor based control of SRM and sensor less control.

UNIT III: 
Permanent Magnet Machines: Construction, working principle, torque equation, equivalent circuit, performance characteristics and applications of permanent magnet brushed DC motors (PMBDC), PMBLDC Motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, reluctance motors, synchronous reluctance motors. DC and AC tacho generators.

UNIT IV:   
Special Electrical Machines: Construction, principle of operation, characteristics and analysis of fractional horse power universal motor, hysteresis motor. Construction, principle of operation of Linear Induction Motors and applications,]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT I:   
Induction Generator: Torque-speed characteristics of an Induction machine under generation mode, Line/grid Connected Induction Generator: Operation and Limitations, Self-Excited Induction Generator: Process of selfexcitation, conditions of self-excitation, critical capacitance curve, No load characteristics, load characteristics, frequency characteristics, Voltage characteristics improvement using additional terminal capacitors. Doubly fed Induction generator, Induction voltage regulator.

UNIT II:   
Stepper Motors: Principle of operation, characteristics and analysis of variable reluctance, permanent magnet and hybrid stepper motors, torque equation, drive circuits and switching diagrams, Open-Loop Control of Stepper Motor, Microprocessor-Based Control of Stepper Motor.  
Switched Reluctance Motors: Construction, principle of operation, torque production, modes of operation, drive circuits, microprocessor based control of SRM and sensor less control.

UNIT III: 
Permanent Magnet Machines: Construction, working principle, torque equation, equivalent circuit, performance characteristics and applications of permanent magnet brushed DC motors (PMBDC), PMBLDC Motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, reluctance motors, synchronous reluctance motors. DC and AC tacho generators.

UNIT IV:   
Special Electrical Machines: Construction, principle of operation, characteristics and analysis of fractional horse power universal motor, hysteresis motor. Construction, principle of operation of Linear Induction Motors and applications,]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-REAPS-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:18:44 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-REAPS-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I  
Basics of Probability theory & Distribution: Basic probability theory – rules for combining probabilities of events – Bernoulli’s trials – probabilities density and distribution functions – binomial distribution – expected value and standard deviation of binomial distribution.

UNIT- II                 
Network Modelling and Reliability Analysis: Analysis of Series, Parallel, Series-Parallel networks – complex networks – decomposition method. Reliability functions f(t), F(t), R(t), h(t) and their relationships – exponential distribution – Expected value and standard deviation of exponential distribution – Bath tub curve – reliability analysis of series parallel networks using exponential distribution – reliability measures MTTF, MTTR, MTBF.

UNIT- III 
Markov Modelling: Markov chains – concept of stochastic transitional probability Matrix, Evaluation of limiting state Probabilities. – Markov processes one component repairable system – time dependent probability evaluation using Laplace transform approach – evaluation of limiting state probabilities using STPM – two component repairable models.

UNIT-IV 
Generation System Reliability Analysis: Reliability model of a generation system– recursive relation for unit addition and removal – load modeling Merging of generation load model – evaluation of transition rates for merged state model – cumulativeProbability, cumulative frequency of failure evaluation – LOLP, LOLE]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I  
Basics of Probability theory & Distribution: Basic probability theory – rules for combining probabilities of events – Bernoulli’s trials – probabilities density and distribution functions – binomial distribution – expected value and standard deviation of binomial distribution.

UNIT- II                 
Network Modelling and Reliability Analysis: Analysis of Series, Parallel, Series-Parallel networks – complex networks – decomposition method. Reliability functions f(t), F(t), R(t), h(t) and their relationships – exponential distribution – Expected value and standard deviation of exponential distribution – Bath tub curve – reliability analysis of series parallel networks using exponential distribution – reliability measures MTTF, MTTR, MTBF.

UNIT- III 
Markov Modelling: Markov chains – concept of stochastic transitional probability Matrix, Evaluation of limiting state Probabilities. – Markov processes one component repairable system – time dependent probability evaluation using Laplace transform approach – evaluation of limiting state probabilities using STPM – two component repairable models.

UNIT-IV 
Generation System Reliability Analysis: Reliability model of a generation system– recursive relation for unit addition and removal – load modeling Merging of generation load model – evaluation of transition rates for merged state model – cumulativeProbability, cumulative frequency of failure evaluation – LOLP, LOLE]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-APEPS-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:17:50 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-APEPS-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I                    
Overview of Power Quality : Classification of power quality issues, characterization of electric power quality, power acceptability curves, power quality problems, poor load power factor, nonlinear and unbalanced loads, transients, voltage sags and swells, over voltages and under voltages, outage, harmonic distortion, voltage notching, flicker, electrical noise, power quality indices, distortion index, IEEE guidelines and recommendations, harmonics creating loads, characterization of nonlinear loads, modelling of nonlinear loads, harmonic prorogation series and parallel resonances, harmonic power flow.

UNIT- II                           
Compensation of Power Quality Problems: Passive Filters, various types, analysis and design, basics of P-Q theory, Clarke’s and Park transformations (abc-dq), Synchronous Reference Frame theory (SRF), comparison between SRF and pq theory, application to 3 ph- 3 wire and 3ph-4wire system, harmonic, reactive power and current unbalance compensation by DSTATCOM, voltage regulation, distortion and voltage unbalance compensation by DVR, Hybrid power filters and Unified Power Quality Conditioner.

UNIT-III                                                                                                                                                          
Compensation with FACTS Controllers: Reactive power control in power systems, static series and shunt compensators, objectives of shunt and series compensation, methods of controllable VAR generation, Voltage sourced converters and current source converters, SVC and STATCOM for transmission lines, comparison between SVC and STATCOM, principles of TCSC and SSSC, basic operating principles of UPFC, applications for power flow control.

UNIT- IV                                      
DC Power Transmission and System Control: Introduction, comparison of AC and DC transmission, application of DC transmission. General principles of DC link control, converter control characteristics, combined rectifier and inverter characteristics, alternative inverter control modes, mode stabilization, system control hierarchy, harmonics and filters.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I                    
Overview of Power Quality : Classification of power quality issues, characterization of electric power quality, power acceptability curves, power quality problems, poor load power factor, nonlinear and unbalanced loads, transients, voltage sags and swells, over voltages and under voltages, outage, harmonic distortion, voltage notching, flicker, electrical noise, power quality indices, distortion index, IEEE guidelines and recommendations, harmonics creating loads, characterization of nonlinear loads, modelling of nonlinear loads, harmonic prorogation series and parallel resonances, harmonic power flow.

UNIT- II                           
Compensation of Power Quality Problems: Passive Filters, various types, analysis and design, basics of P-Q theory, Clarke’s and Park transformations (abc-dq), Synchronous Reference Frame theory (SRF), comparison between SRF and pq theory, application to 3 ph- 3 wire and 3ph-4wire system, harmonic, reactive power and current unbalance compensation by DSTATCOM, voltage regulation, distortion and voltage unbalance compensation by DVR, Hybrid power filters and Unified Power Quality Conditioner.

UNIT-III                                                                                                                                                          
Compensation with FACTS Controllers: Reactive power control in power systems, static series and shunt compensators, objectives of shunt and series compensation, methods of controllable VAR generation, Voltage sourced converters and current source converters, SVC and STATCOM for transmission lines, comparison between SVC and STATCOM, principles of TCSC and SSSC, basic operating principles of UPFC, applications for power flow control.

UNIT- IV                                      
DC Power Transmission and System Control: Introduction, comparison of AC and DC transmission, application of DC transmission. General principles of DC link control, converter control characteristics, combined rectifier and inverter characteristics, alternative inverter control modes, mode stabilization, system control hierarchy, harmonics and filters.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Power-System-Operation-and-Control-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:16:46 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Power-System-Operation-and-Control-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL:  
Introduction: Load frequency control (single area case), load frequency (Two Area Case) control, load frequency control with GRC, Speed Governor Dead Band and its effects.

UNIT- II ECONOMIC LOAD DESPATCH:
Introduction, System constraint, Economic Dispatch Neglecting losses, Optimum load dispatch including transmission losses, Exact Transmission loss formula, Automatic load dispatching. 

UNIT- III RESTRUCTURING OF POWER SYSTEM: 
Introduction: Reason for restructuring or deregulation of power industry, Understanding the restructuring process, introduction to issues involved in deregulation, reasons and objectives of deregulation of various power system across the world, Transmission Congestion management.

UNIT-IV REACTIVE POWER AND VOLTAGE CONTROL: 
Bases of reactive power control, Excitation System, Modeling. Generation and Absorption of Reactive Power, Relation between voltage, power and reactive power at node, methods of voltage control.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL:  
Introduction: Load frequency control (single area case), load frequency (Two Area Case) control, load frequency control with GRC, Speed Governor Dead Band and its effects.

UNIT- II ECONOMIC LOAD DESPATCH:
Introduction, System constraint, Economic Dispatch Neglecting losses, Optimum load dispatch including transmission losses, Exact Transmission loss formula, Automatic load dispatching. 

UNIT- III RESTRUCTURING OF POWER SYSTEM: 
Introduction: Reason for restructuring or deregulation of power industry, Understanding the restructuring process, introduction to issues involved in deregulation, reasons and objectives of deregulation of various power system across the world, Transmission Congestion management.

UNIT-IV REACTIVE POWER AND VOLTAGE CONTROL: 
Bases of reactive power control, Excitation System, Modeling. Generation and Absorption of Reactive Power, Relation between voltage, power and reactive power at node, methods of voltage control.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Neuro-Fuzzy-Systems-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Wed, 03 May 2017 21:15:18 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Neuro-Fuzzy-Systems-IPU-EEE-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT -I 
Neural Networks: Fundamental of neural network, overview of biological Neuro-system, Mathematical Models of Neurons, ANN architecture, Learning Methods, Learning Paradigms-Supervised, Unsupervised and reinforcement Learning, ANN training Algorithms-perceptions, Training rules, Delta, Back Propagation Algorithm, Multilayer Perception Model, Radial Basis functions, Hopfield Networks, Associative Memories, Applications of Artificial Neural Networks.

UNIT-II
Fuzzy sets: Introduction to Fuzzy Logic, Classical and Fuzzy Sets: Overview of Classical Sets, Operations on Fuzzy Sets: Compliment, Intersections, Unions, Combinations of Operations, Extension principle and fuzzy relations.
Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzification and defuzzification, Membership Function, Linguistic Variables, Linguistic hedges, Fuzzy rules and reasoning, lamda cut-sets. Arithmetic operations on Fuzzy numbers.

UNIT-III 
Fuzzy Inference System: Fuzzy Modeling, Mamdani Fuzzy model, TSK Fuzzy model, Fuzzy Controller, Industrial Applications.  Introduction of Neuro-Fuzzy Systems, Architecture of Neuro Fuzzy Networks, Hybrid learning algorithms, Neuro-fuzzy Control.

UNIT-IV 
Introduction to Evolutionary Techniques:  Genetic Algorithm, Basic Concepts, Flow Chart of GA, Genetic representations (Encoding), Initialization and Selection, Genetic Operators, Mutation, Generational Cycle, Convergence of GA and Applications.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT -I 
Neural Networks: Fundamental of neural network, overview of biological Neuro-system, Mathematical Models of Neurons, ANN architecture, Learning Methods, Learning Paradigms-Supervised, Unsupervised and reinforcement Learning, ANN training Algorithms-perceptions, Training rules, Delta, Back Propagation Algorithm, Multilayer Perception Model, Radial Basis functions, Hopfield Networks, Associative Memories, Applications of Artificial Neural Networks.

UNIT-II
Fuzzy sets: Introduction to Fuzzy Logic, Classical and Fuzzy Sets: Overview of Classical Sets, Operations on Fuzzy Sets: Compliment, Intersections, Unions, Combinations of Operations, Extension principle and fuzzy relations.
Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzification and defuzzification, Membership Function, Linguistic Variables, Linguistic hedges, Fuzzy rules and reasoning, lamda cut-sets. Arithmetic operations on Fuzzy numbers.

UNIT-III 
Fuzzy Inference System: Fuzzy Modeling, Mamdani Fuzzy model, TSK Fuzzy model, Fuzzy Controller, Industrial Applications.  Introduction of Neuro-Fuzzy Systems, Architecture of Neuro Fuzzy Networks, Hybrid learning algorithms, Neuro-fuzzy Control.

UNIT-IV 
Introduction to Evolutionary Techniques:  Genetic Algorithm, Basic Concepts, Flow Chart of GA, Genetic representations (Encoding), Initialization and Selection, Genetic Operators, Mutation, Generational Cycle, Convergence of GA and Applications.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Digital-Communication-IPU-CSC-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Tue, 02 May 2017 20:53:32 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Digital-Communication-IPU-CSC-notes-and-question-paper-free-download QUESTION PAPERS:-

• 2016
  

SYLLABUS:-


UNIT- I  
Introduction to Digital Communication: 
Line coding: NRZ, RZ, Manchester encoding, differential Manchester encoding, AMI coding, high density bipolar code, binary with n-zero substitution codes, Review of Sampling theorem, uniform and non-uniform quantization, companding, µ-Law and A-Law compressors, Concept and Analysis of PCM, DPCM, DM and ADM modulators and demodulators, M-ary waveforms, S/N ratio for all modulation, probability of error for PCM in AWGN Channel and other modulation techniques, Duo Binary pulse. 

UNIT- II  
Random Signal Theory: Probability, Concept of Random variable (Stationary, Non stationary, WSS, SSS), Random process, CDF, PDF, Joint CDF, Joint PDF, marginal PDF, Mean, Moments, Central Moment Auto-correlation & Cross-correlation, covariance functions, ergodicity, power spectral density, Gaussian distribution, Uniform distribution, Rayleigh distribution, Binomial distribution, Poission distribution, Weiner distribution, Wiener-Khinchin  theorem, Central limit theorem.

UNIT- III 
Designing of Receiver: Analysis of digital receiver, Prediction Filter, Design and Property of Matched filter, Correlator Receiver, Orthogonal Signal, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure, Maximum likelihood receiver, Coherent receiver design, Inter Symbol Interference, Eye Pattern.

UNIT- IV 
Digital modulation schemes: Coherent Binary Schemes: ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, MSK, G-MSK. Coherent M-ary Schemes, Incoherent Schemes (DPSK and DEPSK), Calculation of average probability of error for different modulation schemes, Power spectra of digitally modulated signals, Performance comparison of different digital modulation schemes. Review of 2 Latest Research Paper.]]> QUESTION PAPERS:-

• 2016
  

SYLLABUS:-


UNIT- I  
Introduction to Digital Communication: 
Line coding: NRZ, RZ, Manchester encoding, differential Manchester encoding, AMI coding, high density bipolar code, binary with n-zero substitution codes, Review of Sampling theorem, uniform and non-uniform quantization, companding, µ-Law and A-Law compressors, Concept and Analysis of PCM, DPCM, DM and ADM modulators and demodulators, M-ary waveforms, S/N ratio for all modulation, probability of error for PCM in AWGN Channel and other modulation techniques, Duo Binary pulse. 

UNIT- II  
Random Signal Theory: Probability, Concept of Random variable (Stationary, Non stationary, WSS, SSS), Random process, CDF, PDF, Joint CDF, Joint PDF, marginal PDF, Mean, Moments, Central Moment Auto-correlation & Cross-correlation, covariance functions, ergodicity, power spectral density, Gaussian distribution, Uniform distribution, Rayleigh distribution, Binomial distribution, Poission distribution, Weiner distribution, Wiener-Khinchin  theorem, Central limit theorem.

UNIT- III 
Designing of Receiver: Analysis of digital receiver, Prediction Filter, Design and Property of Matched filter, Correlator Receiver, Orthogonal Signal, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure, Maximum likelihood receiver, Coherent receiver design, Inter Symbol Interference, Eye Pattern.

UNIT- IV 
Digital modulation schemes: Coherent Binary Schemes: ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, MSK, G-MSK. Coherent M-ary Schemes, Incoherent Schemes (DPSK and DEPSK), Calculation of average probability of error for different modulation schemes, Power spectra of digitally modulated signals, Performance comparison of different digital modulation schemes. Review of 2 Latest Research Paper.]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Digital-Image-Processing-IPU-IT-notes-and-question-paper-free-download Mon, 01 May 2017 18:05:33 +0000 Dipesh S]]> https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-Digital-Image-Processing-IPU-IT-notes-and-question-paper-free-download SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I :  
Introduction and Digital Image Fundamentals: The origins of Digital Image Processing, Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing, Fundamentals Steps in Image Processing, Elements of Digital Image Processing Systems, Image Sampling and Quantization, Some basic relationships like Neighbors, Connectivity, Distance Measures between pixels, Linear and Non Linear Operations. 
Image Enhancement in the Spatial Domain: Some basic Gray Level Transformations, Histogram Processing, Enhancement Using Arithmetic and Logic operations, Basics of Spatial Filters, Smoothening and Sharpening Spatial Filters, Combining Spatial Enhancement Methods.

UNIT- II:  
Filtering in the Frequency Domain: Introduction to Fourier Transform and the frequency Domain, Smoothing and Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters. 
Image Restoration: A model of The Image Degradation / Restoration Process, Noise Models, Restoration in the presence of Noise Only Spatial Filtering, Periodic Noise Reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering, Estimation of Degradation Function, Inverse filtering, Wiener filtering, Constrained Least Square Filtering, Geometric Mean Filter, Geometric Transformations.

UNIT- III:  
Image Compression: fundamentals of compression, coding redundancy, Lossy and lossless compression, Spatial and temporal redundancy, Image compression models. Some basic compression methods.
Image Segmentation: Detection of Discontinuities, Edge linking and boundary detection, Region Oriented Segmentation, Motion based segmentation.

UNIT- IV:  
Representation and Description: Representation, Boundary Descriptors, Regional Descriptors, Use of Principal Components for Description, Introduction to Morphology, Some basic Morphological Algorithms. 
Object Recognition: Patterns and Pattern Classes, Decision-Theoretic Methods, Structural Methods.]]> SYLLABUS:-

UNIT- I :  
Introduction and Digital Image Fundamentals: The origins of Digital Image Processing, Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing, Fundamentals Steps in Image Processing, Elements of Digital Image Processing Systems, Image Sampling and Quantization, Some basic relationships like Neighbors, Connectivity, Distance Measures between pixels, Linear and Non Linear Operations. 
Image Enhancement in the Spatial Domain: Some basic Gray Level Transformations, Histogram Processing, Enhancement Using Arithmetic and Logic operations, Basics of Spatial Filters, Smoothening and Sharpening Spatial Filters, Combining Spatial Enhancement Methods.

UNIT- II:  
Filtering in the Frequency Domain: Introduction to Fourier Transform and the frequency Domain, Smoothing and Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters. 
Image Restoration: A model of The Image Degradation / Restoration Process, Noise Models, Restoration in the presence of Noise Only Spatial Filtering, Periodic Noise Reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering, Estimation of Degradation Function, Inverse filtering, Wiener filtering, Constrained Least Square Filtering, Geometric Mean Filter, Geometric Transformations.

UNIT- III:  
Image Compression: fundamentals of compression, coding redundancy, Lossy and lossless compression, Spatial and temporal redundancy, Image compression models. Some basic compression methods.
Image Segmentation: Detection of Discontinuities, Edge linking and boundary detection, Region Oriented Segmentation, Motion based segmentation.

UNIT- IV:  
Representation and Description: Representation, Boundary Descriptors, Regional Descriptors, Use of Principal Components for Description, Introduction to Morphology, Some basic Morphological Algorithms. 
Object Recognition: Patterns and Pattern Classes, Decision-Theoretic Methods, Structural Methods.]]>