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			<description><![CDATA[<span style="text-decoration: underline;" class="mycode_u"><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">CHEMISTRY AIPMT SYLLABUS</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 1</span> Some basic concepts in Chemistry   Importance of Chemistry, physical quantities and their measurement in Chemistry, SI Units, uncertainty in measurements and use of significant figures, Unit and dimensional analysis, Matter and its nature, laws of chemical combinations, atomic, and  molecular, masses mole concept, molar masses, percentage composition and molecular formula, chemical stoichiometry.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 2 </span>States of matter   Three states of matter, gaseous state, gas laws (Boyle’s Law and Charles Law), Avogadro’s Law, Grahams’Law of diffusion, Dalton’s law of partial pressure, ideal gas equation, Kinetic theory of gases, real gases and deviation from ideal behaviour, van der Waals’ equation, liquefaction of gases and critical points,    Intermolecular forces;  liquids and solids. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 3 </span>Atomic structure   Earlier atomic models (Thomson’s and Rutherford) , emission spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr’s model, of hydrogen atom, Limitations of Bohr’s model, dual nature of matter and radiation, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum mechanical model of atom (quantum designation of atomic orbitals and electron energy in terms of principal, angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers), electronic spin and spin quantum numbers, Pauli’s exclusion principle, general idea of screening (constants) of outer electrons by inner electrons in an atom, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, atomic orbitals and their pictorial representation, electronic configurations of elements. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 4</span> Classification of elements and periodicity in properties   Need and genesis of classification of elements (from Doebereiner to Mendeleev), Modern periodic law and present form of periodic table, Nomenclature of elements with atomic number &gt; 100, electronic configurations of elements and periodic table, electronic configuration and types of elements and s, p, d and f blocks, periodic trends in properties of elements (atomic size, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence/ oxidation states and chemical reactivity). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 5 </span>Chemical energetics   Some basic concepts in thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics, heat capacity, measurement of ∆U and ∆H, calorimetry, standard enthalpy changes, thermochemical equations, enthalpy changes during phase transformations, Hess’s Law, standard enthalpies of formation, bond enthalpies and calculations based on them. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 6</span> Chemical bonding   Kossel -Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, polarity of bonds and concept of electronegativity, valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory , shapes of simple molecules, valence bond theory, hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of molecules σ and π bonds; Molecular orbital theory involving homounclear diatomic molecules; Hydrogen-bonding. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 7</span> Equilibrium   Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes   Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant, homogeneous equilibrium, heterogenous equilibrium, application of equilibrium constants, Relationship between reaction quotient Q, equilibrium constant, K and Gibbs’ energy G; factors affecting equilibrium-Le Chateliar’s principle.  <br />
 Ionic equilibrium   Acids, Bases and Salts and their ionization, weak and strong electrolytes degree of ionization and ionization constants, concept of pH, ionic product of water, buffer solution, common ion effect, solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 8</span> Redox reactions   Electronic concepts of reduction - oxidation, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 9 </span>Solid state Chemistry   Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids; unit cells in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of a unit cell, packing in solids, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 10 </span>Chemical thermodynamics   Spontaneous processes, energy and spontaneity , entropy and second law of thermodynamics, concept of absolute entropy, Gibbs energy and spontaneity, Gibbs energy change and equilibrium constant.   <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 11</span> Solutions   Types of solutions, different units for expressing concentration of solution, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), definitions of dilute solutions, vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s Law, Colligative properties, lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling points  and  osmotic  pressure,  determination  of molecular masses  using colligative properties,  abnormal values of molecular masses,  van’t Hoff factor. simple numerical problems. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 12</span> Chemical kinetics   Rate of chemical reactions, factors, affecting rates of reactions –concentration, temperature and catalyst, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law and rate constant, differential and integral forms of first order reaction, half-life (only zero and first order) characteristics of first order reaction, effect of temperature on reactions, Arrhenius theory - activation energy, collision theory of reaction rate (no derivation). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 13</span> Electrochemistry   Conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variation of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), electrolytic and galvanic cells, emf. of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation, concentration cell, fuel cells, cell potential and Gibbs energy, dry cell and lead accumulator. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 14</span> Surface chemistry   Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous activity and selectivity, enzyme catalysis, colloidal state, distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophillic, lyophobic, multimolecular and macromolecular colloids, properties of colloids, Tyndal effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsions - type of emulsions. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :15</span>  Hydrogen   Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes of hydrogen, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide- preparation, reactions and structures; hydrides and their classification. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :16</span> s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth metals):   Group 1 and Group 2 elements  <br />
 Electronic configurations and general trends in physical and chemical properties, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship.   Preparation and properties of some important compounds, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate and industrial uses of lime and limestone, biological significance of Na, K, Mg and Ca. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :17 </span>General principles and processes of isolation of elements   Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, reduction, (chemical and electrolytic methods), and refining.   Occurrence and principles of extraction of Al, Cu, Zn and Fe. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :18</span> p-Block Elements   Introduction to p-block elements   Electronic configurations and general trends in properties, viz. atomic sizes, ionization enthalpies, electronegativity values, electron gain enthalpies and oxidation states across the periods and down the groups in the p-block.   Unique behaviour of the top element in each group of the block - the covalency limit and the pπ - pπ  overlap in some molecules (e.g. N2, O2) and its consequences; general trend in catenation tendency down each  group.   <br />
<br />
 Group-wise study of the p-block Elements  <br />
<br />
Group 13 - In addition to the general characteristics as outlined above, properties and uses of aluminium, nature of hydrides/ halides and oxides; Properties, structures and uses of diborane boron halides, aluminium chloride, borax, boric acid and alums.  <br />
Group 14 - In addition to the general characteristics; carbon – catenation, allotropic forms (diamond and graphite), properties and structures of oxides; silicon - silicon tetrachloride, and structures and uses of silicates, silicones and zeolites.  <br />
Group 15 - In addition to the general characteristics, the general trends in the nature and structures of hydrides, halides and oxides of these elements. Preparation and properties of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and halides of phosphorus, structures of the oxoacids of phosphorus.  <br />
Group 16 - In addition to the general characteristics, preparations, properties and uses of dioxygen, simple oxides, ozone; sulphur - allotropic forms, compounds of sulphur, preparation, properties and uses of sulphur dioxide and sulphuric acid, industrial preparations of sulphuric acid, structures of oxoacids of sulphur.  <br />
Group 17 - In addition to the general characteristics, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, oxides and oxoacids of halogens (structures only), preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides. Interhalogen compounds (structures only).  <br />
Group 18 - General introduction, electronic configurations, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties and uses, - fluorides and oxides of xenon (structures only). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :19 </span>The d-and f-Block elements   General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals –physical properties, ionization  enthalpy,   oxidation  states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic property, interstitial compounds, alloy formation;  preparations and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.  <br />
 Lanthanoids   - Electronic configuration and oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction.   Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :20</span> Coordination compounds   Introduction to ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties, and shapes;   IUPAC   -   nomenclature   of  mononuclear  coordination   compounds,  isomerism , bonding- valence bond approach to the bonding and basic ideas of Crystal Field Theory, colour and magnetic properties.  Elementary ideas of metal - carbon bonds and organometallic compounds, importance of co-ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :21</span> Some basic principles of Organic Chemistry  - Tetravalence of carbon, hybridization ( s and p ), shapes of simple molecules, functional groups:-C=C-, -C<br />
<br />
C- and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur;  homologous series, isomerism.  - General introduction to naming organic compounds-trivial names and IUPAC nomenclature.  - Electronic displacement in a covalent bond; inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Fission of covalent bond: free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles, carbocations and carbonanions.  - Common types of organic reactions: substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement reactions.    <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :22</span> Hydrocarbons   Alkanes andcycloalkanes : classification of hydrocarbons, alkanes and cycloalkanes,nomenclature and conformations of alkanes and cycloalkanes.  Alkenes and alkynes :Nomenclature and isomerism, general methods of preparation, properties (physicaland chemical), mechanism of electrophilic addition, Markownikoff’s rule,peroxide effect, acidic character of alkynes, polymerisation reactions.  Aromatic hydrocarbons :Benzene and its homologues, nomenclature, sources of aromatic hydrocarbons (coaland petroleum), structure of benzene, chemical reaction of benzene- mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Directive influence of substituents and their effecton reactivity.  Petroleum and petrochemicals : Composition of crude oil fractionation and uses, quality of gasoline, LPG, CNG, cracking and reforming,petrochemicals. Unit :23 Purification and characterization of carbon compounds  - Purification of carbon compounds : filtration, crystallisation, sublimation, distillation chromatography,  - Qualitative analysis : detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens.  - Quantitative analysis : estimation of different elements (H, N, halogens, S and P)  - Determination of molecular masses : Silver salt method, chloroplatinate salt method, calculations of empirical and molecular formulas.  Unit :24 Organic compounds with functional groups containing halogens (X)  - Nature of C-X bond in haloalkanes and haloarenes, nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, reactivity of C-X bond in haloalkanes and haloarenes.  - Some commercially important compounds : dichloro, trichloro and tetrachloromethanes; p-dichlorobenzene, freons, BHC, DDT, their uses and important reactions.  <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :25</span> Organic compounds with functional groups containing oxygen   Alcohols and phenols : Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; chemical reactivity of phenols in electrophilic substitutions, acidic nature of phenol,  ethers: electronic structure, structure of functional group, nomenclature, important methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, some commercially important compounds.   Aldehydes and ketones : Electronic structure of carbonyl group, nomenclature, important methods of preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions,   relative reactivity of aldehydic and ketonic groups, acidity of a-hydrogen, aldol condensation. Connizzarro reaction, nucleophilic addition reaction to &gt;C=O groups.   Carboxylic acids : Electronic structure of-COOH, Nomenclature, important methods of preparation, physical properties and effect of substituents on a-carbon on acid strength, chemical reactions.   Derivatives of carboxylic acids : Electronic structure of acid chloride, acid anhydride, ester and amide groups, nomenclature, important methods of preparation, comparative reactivity of acid derivatives. Some commercially important compounds. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :26</span> Organic Compounds with functional group containing nitrogen  -  Structure, nomenclature of nitro, amino, cyano and diazo compounds.  -    Nitro compounds – important methods of preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions.  -    Amines : primary, secondary and tertiary amines, a general awareness, important methods of preparation, physical properties, basic character of amines, chemical reactions.  -   Cyanides and isocyanides : preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions.  -     Diazonium salts : Preparation, chemical reaction and uses of benzene diazonium chloride. Some commercially important nitrogen containg carbon compounds, (aniline, TNT) <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :27</span> Polymers   Classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation: addition-free radical, cationic, anionic polymerization, copolymerisation, natural rubber, vulcanization of rubber, synthetic rubbers, condensation polymers, idea of macromolecules, biodegradable polymers.   Some commercially important polymers (PVC, teflon, polystyrene, nylon-6 and 66, terylene and bakelite). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :28</span> Environmental Chemistry   Environmental pollution – air, water and soil pollutions, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smogs, major atmospheric pollutants, acid-rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, green house effect and global warming – pollution due to industrial wastes, green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategy for controlling environmental pollution. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :29</span> Biomolecules     Carbohydrates : Classification, aldose and ketose, monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); important simple chemical reactions of glucose, elementary idea of structure of pentose and hexose.   Proteins : Elementary idea of a-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins; primary, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins and quaternary structure (gualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.  <br />
 Vitamins : Classification and functions   Nucleic acids : Chemical composition of DNA and RNA   Lipids : Classification and structure   Hormones : Classification and functions in biosystem. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :30</span> Chemistry in everyday life  - Chemicals in medicines – analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants,  antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antacids, antihistamins.  - Chemicals in food – preservativess, artificial sweetening agents.  - Cleansing agents – soaps and detergents, cleansing action.  - Rocket propellants : characteristics and chemicals used.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size"><a href="http://studentsuvidha.in/forum/Thread-AIPMT-SYLLABUS" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">CLICK HERE TO SEE FULL AIPMT SYLLABUS</span></a></span>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<span style="text-decoration: underline;" class="mycode_u"><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">CHEMISTRY AIPMT SYLLABUS</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 1</span> Some basic concepts in Chemistry   Importance of Chemistry, physical quantities and their measurement in Chemistry, SI Units, uncertainty in measurements and use of significant figures, Unit and dimensional analysis, Matter and its nature, laws of chemical combinations, atomic, and  molecular, masses mole concept, molar masses, percentage composition and molecular formula, chemical stoichiometry.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 2 </span>States of matter   Three states of matter, gaseous state, gas laws (Boyle’s Law and Charles Law), Avogadro’s Law, Grahams’Law of diffusion, Dalton’s law of partial pressure, ideal gas equation, Kinetic theory of gases, real gases and deviation from ideal behaviour, van der Waals’ equation, liquefaction of gases and critical points,    Intermolecular forces;  liquids and solids. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 3 </span>Atomic structure   Earlier atomic models (Thomson’s and Rutherford) , emission spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr’s model, of hydrogen atom, Limitations of Bohr’s model, dual nature of matter and radiation, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum mechanical model of atom (quantum designation of atomic orbitals and electron energy in terms of principal, angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers), electronic spin and spin quantum numbers, Pauli’s exclusion principle, general idea of screening (constants) of outer electrons by inner electrons in an atom, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, atomic orbitals and their pictorial representation, electronic configurations of elements. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 4</span> Classification of elements and periodicity in properties   Need and genesis of classification of elements (from Doebereiner to Mendeleev), Modern periodic law and present form of periodic table, Nomenclature of elements with atomic number &gt; 100, electronic configurations of elements and periodic table, electronic configuration and types of elements and s, p, d and f blocks, periodic trends in properties of elements (atomic size, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence/ oxidation states and chemical reactivity). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 5 </span>Chemical energetics   Some basic concepts in thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics, heat capacity, measurement of ∆U and ∆H, calorimetry, standard enthalpy changes, thermochemical equations, enthalpy changes during phase transformations, Hess’s Law, standard enthalpies of formation, bond enthalpies and calculations based on them. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 6</span> Chemical bonding   Kossel -Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, polarity of bonds and concept of electronegativity, valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory , shapes of simple molecules, valence bond theory, hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of molecules σ and π bonds; Molecular orbital theory involving homounclear diatomic molecules; Hydrogen-bonding. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 7</span> Equilibrium   Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes   Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant, homogeneous equilibrium, heterogenous equilibrium, application of equilibrium constants, Relationship between reaction quotient Q, equilibrium constant, K and Gibbs’ energy G; factors affecting equilibrium-Le Chateliar’s principle.  <br />
 Ionic equilibrium   Acids, Bases and Salts and their ionization, weak and strong electrolytes degree of ionization and ionization constants, concept of pH, ionic product of water, buffer solution, common ion effect, solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 8</span> Redox reactions   Electronic concepts of reduction - oxidation, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 9 </span>Solid state Chemistry   Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids; unit cells in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of a unit cell, packing in solids, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 10 </span>Chemical thermodynamics   Spontaneous processes, energy and spontaneity , entropy and second law of thermodynamics, concept of absolute entropy, Gibbs energy and spontaneity, Gibbs energy change and equilibrium constant.   <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 11</span> Solutions   Types of solutions, different units for expressing concentration of solution, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), definitions of dilute solutions, vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s Law, Colligative properties, lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling points  and  osmotic  pressure,  determination  of molecular masses  using colligative properties,  abnormal values of molecular masses,  van’t Hoff factor. simple numerical problems. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 12</span> Chemical kinetics   Rate of chemical reactions, factors, affecting rates of reactions –concentration, temperature and catalyst, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law and rate constant, differential and integral forms of first order reaction, half-life (only zero and first order) characteristics of first order reaction, effect of temperature on reactions, Arrhenius theory - activation energy, collision theory of reaction rate (no derivation). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 13</span> Electrochemistry   Conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variation of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), electrolytic and galvanic cells, emf. of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation, concentration cell, fuel cells, cell potential and Gibbs energy, dry cell and lead accumulator. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 14</span> Surface chemistry   Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous activity and selectivity, enzyme catalysis, colloidal state, distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophillic, lyophobic, multimolecular and macromolecular colloids, properties of colloids, Tyndal effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsions - type of emulsions. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :15</span>  Hydrogen   Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes of hydrogen, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide- preparation, reactions and structures; hydrides and their classification. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :16</span> s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth metals):   Group 1 and Group 2 elements  <br />
 Electronic configurations and general trends in physical and chemical properties, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship.   Preparation and properties of some important compounds, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate and industrial uses of lime and limestone, biological significance of Na, K, Mg and Ca. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :17 </span>General principles and processes of isolation of elements   Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, reduction, (chemical and electrolytic methods), and refining.   Occurrence and principles of extraction of Al, Cu, Zn and Fe. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :18</span> p-Block Elements   Introduction to p-block elements   Electronic configurations and general trends in properties, viz. atomic sizes, ionization enthalpies, electronegativity values, electron gain enthalpies and oxidation states across the periods and down the groups in the p-block.   Unique behaviour of the top element in each group of the block - the covalency limit and the pπ - pπ  overlap in some molecules (e.g. N2, O2) and its consequences; general trend in catenation tendency down each  group.   <br />
<br />
 Group-wise study of the p-block Elements  <br />
<br />
Group 13 - In addition to the general characteristics as outlined above, properties and uses of aluminium, nature of hydrides/ halides and oxides; Properties, structures and uses of diborane boron halides, aluminium chloride, borax, boric acid and alums.  <br />
Group 14 - In addition to the general characteristics; carbon – catenation, allotropic forms (diamond and graphite), properties and structures of oxides; silicon - silicon tetrachloride, and structures and uses of silicates, silicones and zeolites.  <br />
Group 15 - In addition to the general characteristics, the general trends in the nature and structures of hydrides, halides and oxides of these elements. Preparation and properties of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and halides of phosphorus, structures of the oxoacids of phosphorus.  <br />
Group 16 - In addition to the general characteristics, preparations, properties and uses of dioxygen, simple oxides, ozone; sulphur - allotropic forms, compounds of sulphur, preparation, properties and uses of sulphur dioxide and sulphuric acid, industrial preparations of sulphuric acid, structures of oxoacids of sulphur.  <br />
Group 17 - In addition to the general characteristics, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, oxides and oxoacids of halogens (structures only), preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides. Interhalogen compounds (structures only).  <br />
Group 18 - General introduction, electronic configurations, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties and uses, - fluorides and oxides of xenon (structures only). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :19 </span>The d-and f-Block elements   General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals –physical properties, ionization  enthalpy,   oxidation  states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic property, interstitial compounds, alloy formation;  preparations and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.  <br />
 Lanthanoids   - Electronic configuration and oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction.   Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :20</span> Coordination compounds   Introduction to ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties, and shapes;   IUPAC   -   nomenclature   of  mononuclear  coordination   compounds,  isomerism , bonding- valence bond approach to the bonding and basic ideas of Crystal Field Theory, colour and magnetic properties.  Elementary ideas of metal - carbon bonds and organometallic compounds, importance of co-ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :21</span> Some basic principles of Organic Chemistry  - Tetravalence of carbon, hybridization ( s and p ), shapes of simple molecules, functional groups:-C=C-, -C<br />
<br />
C- and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur;  homologous series, isomerism.  - General introduction to naming organic compounds-trivial names and IUPAC nomenclature.  - Electronic displacement in a covalent bond; inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Fission of covalent bond: free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles, carbocations and carbonanions.  - Common types of organic reactions: substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement reactions.    <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :22</span> Hydrocarbons   Alkanes andcycloalkanes : classification of hydrocarbons, alkanes and cycloalkanes,nomenclature and conformations of alkanes and cycloalkanes.  Alkenes and alkynes :Nomenclature and isomerism, general methods of preparation, properties (physicaland chemical), mechanism of electrophilic addition, Markownikoff’s rule,peroxide effect, acidic character of alkynes, polymerisation reactions.  Aromatic hydrocarbons :Benzene and its homologues, nomenclature, sources of aromatic hydrocarbons (coaland petroleum), structure of benzene, chemical reaction of benzene- mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Directive influence of substituents and their effecton reactivity.  Petroleum and petrochemicals : Composition of crude oil fractionation and uses, quality of gasoline, LPG, CNG, cracking and reforming,petrochemicals. Unit :23 Purification and characterization of carbon compounds  - Purification of carbon compounds : filtration, crystallisation, sublimation, distillation chromatography,  - Qualitative analysis : detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens.  - Quantitative analysis : estimation of different elements (H, N, halogens, S and P)  - Determination of molecular masses : Silver salt method, chloroplatinate salt method, calculations of empirical and molecular formulas.  Unit :24 Organic compounds with functional groups containing halogens (X)  - Nature of C-X bond in haloalkanes and haloarenes, nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, reactivity of C-X bond in haloalkanes and haloarenes.  - Some commercially important compounds : dichloro, trichloro and tetrachloromethanes; p-dichlorobenzene, freons, BHC, DDT, their uses and important reactions.  <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :25</span> Organic compounds with functional groups containing oxygen   Alcohols and phenols : Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; chemical reactivity of phenols in electrophilic substitutions, acidic nature of phenol,  ethers: electronic structure, structure of functional group, nomenclature, important methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, some commercially important compounds.   Aldehydes and ketones : Electronic structure of carbonyl group, nomenclature, important methods of preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions,   relative reactivity of aldehydic and ketonic groups, acidity of a-hydrogen, aldol condensation. Connizzarro reaction, nucleophilic addition reaction to &gt;C=O groups.   Carboxylic acids : Electronic structure of-COOH, Nomenclature, important methods of preparation, physical properties and effect of substituents on a-carbon on acid strength, chemical reactions.   Derivatives of carboxylic acids : Electronic structure of acid chloride, acid anhydride, ester and amide groups, nomenclature, important methods of preparation, comparative reactivity of acid derivatives. Some commercially important compounds. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :26</span> Organic Compounds with functional group containing nitrogen  -  Structure, nomenclature of nitro, amino, cyano and diazo compounds.  -    Nitro compounds – important methods of preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions.  -    Amines : primary, secondary and tertiary amines, a general awareness, important methods of preparation, physical properties, basic character of amines, chemical reactions.  -   Cyanides and isocyanides : preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions.  -     Diazonium salts : Preparation, chemical reaction and uses of benzene diazonium chloride. Some commercially important nitrogen containg carbon compounds, (aniline, TNT) <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :27</span> Polymers   Classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization-addition and condensation: addition-free radical, cationic, anionic polymerization, copolymerisation, natural rubber, vulcanization of rubber, synthetic rubbers, condensation polymers, idea of macromolecules, biodegradable polymers.   Some commercially important polymers (PVC, teflon, polystyrene, nylon-6 and 66, terylene and bakelite). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :28</span> Environmental Chemistry   Environmental pollution – air, water and soil pollutions, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smogs, major atmospheric pollutants, acid-rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, green house effect and global warming – pollution due to industrial wastes, green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategy for controlling environmental pollution. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :29</span> Biomolecules     Carbohydrates : Classification, aldose and ketose, monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); important simple chemical reactions of glucose, elementary idea of structure of pentose and hexose.   Proteins : Elementary idea of a-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins; primary, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins and quaternary structure (gualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes.  <br />
 Vitamins : Classification and functions   Nucleic acids : Chemical composition of DNA and RNA   Lipids : Classification and structure   Hormones : Classification and functions in biosystem. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit :30</span> Chemistry in everyday life  - Chemicals in medicines – analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants,  antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antacids, antihistamins.  - Chemicals in food – preservativess, artificial sweetening agents.  - Cleansing agents – soaps and detergents, cleansing action.  - Rocket propellants : characteristics and chemicals used.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size"><a href="http://studentsuvidha.in/forum/Thread-AIPMT-SYLLABUS" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">CLICK HERE TO SEE FULL AIPMT SYLLABUS</span></a></span>]]></content:encoded>
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			<title><![CDATA[AIPMT PHYSICS SYLLABUS 2014 - ALL UNITS]]></title>
			<link>https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-AIPMT-PHYSICS-SYLLABUS-2014-ALL-UNITS</link>
			<pubDate>Tue, 19 Nov 2013 17:47:54 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/member.php?action=profile&uid=1">rusty cool</a>]]></dc:creator>
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			<description><![CDATA[<span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size"><span style="text-decoration: underline;" class="mycode_u"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">PHYSICS SYLLABUS FOR AIPMT 2014 </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 1</span> Introduction and Measurement   What is Physics? Scope and excitement; Physics in relation to science, society and technology;  Need for measurement of physical quantities, units for measurement, systems of units-SI : fundamental and derived units. Dimensions of physical quantities.  Dimensional analysis and its applications. Orders of magnitude, Accuracy and errors in measurement – random and instrumental errors, Significant figures and rounding off the numbers.    Graphs, Trigonometric functions,  Concepts of differentiation and integration. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 2 </span>Description of Motion in One Dimension   Objects in motion in one dimension, Motion in straight line, Uniform and non-uniform motion, its graphical representation and formulae, speed and velocity, relative velocity, average speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time graph, position-time graph and their formulae. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion with examples. Acceleration in one-dimensional motion. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 3</span> Description of Motion in Two and Three Dimensions   Vectors and scalars quantities, vectors in two and three dimensions,  vector addition and multiplication by a real number, null-vector and its properties. Resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components. Scalar and vector products. Motion in two dimensions, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile motion, general relation among position-velocity-acceleration for motion in a plane and uniform circular motion. Motion of objects in three dimensional space (elementary ideas). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 4 </span>Laws of Motion   Force and inertia, first law of motion. Momentum, second law of motion, impulse, examples of different kinds of forces in nature. Third law of motion, conservation of momentum, rocket propulsion. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and kinetic frictions, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication, Inertial and non-inertial frames (elementary ideas). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 5</span> Work, Energy and Power   Work done by a constant force and by a variable force, unit of work,  energy and power.  Work Energy Theorem.  Elastic and in-elastic collisions in one and two dimensions.  Notions of potential energy, conservation of mechanical energy :  gravitational potential energy, and its conversion to kinetic energy, potential energy of a spring. Conservative forces.  Different forms of energy, mass-energy equivalence, conservation of energy. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 6</span> Rotational Motion  <br />
 Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of rigid body, general motion of a rigid body, nature of rotational motion, rotational motion of a single particle in two dimensions only, torque, angular momentum and its geometrical and physical meaning, conservation of angular momentum, examples of circular motion (car on a level circular road, car on banked road, pendulum swinging in a vertical plane). Moment of inertia, its physical significance, moment inertia of uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes, parallel axis and perpendicular axis theorem (statements only), Comparison between translatory (linear) and rotational motion. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 7 </span>Gravitation   Acceleration due to gravity, one and two dimensional motion under gravity. Universal law of gravitation, inertial and gravitational mass, variations in the acceleration due to gravity of the earth, statement of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, orbital velocity, geostationary satellites, gravitational potential, gravitational potential energy near the surface of earth,  escape velocity, weightlessness. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 8</span> Heat and Thermodynamics  <br />
 Thermal equilibrium and temperature ( zeroth law of thermodynamics).  Heat, work and internal energy. Specific heat, specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure of ideal gas and relation between them. First law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic state, equation of state and isothermals, pressure-temperature phase diagram. Thermodynamic processes (reversible, irreversible, isothermal, adiabatic). Carnot cycle, second law of thermodynamics, efficiency of heat engines. Entropy. Transfer of heat : conduction, convection and radiation. Newton ’s law of cooling.   Thermal conductivity.  Black body radiation, Wien’s law, Solar constant and surface temperature of the sun, Stefan’s law, <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 9 </span>Oscillations   Periodic and oscillatory motions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation of motion. Oscillations due to a spring, kinetic energy and potential energy in S.H.M., Simple pendulum, physical concepts of forced oscillations, resonance and damped oscillations; Simple examples. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 10</span> Waves   Longitudinal and transverse waves and wave motion, speed of progressive wave.  Principle of superposition of waves; reflection of waves, harmonic waves (qualitative treatment only), standing waves.  Normal modes and its graphical representation. Beats, Doppler effect. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 11</span> Electrostatics   Frictional electricity, charges and their conservation, unit of charge, Coulomb’s law, dielectric constant, electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric potential – its physical meaning, potential due to a di-pole, di-pole field and behaviour of dipole in a uniform (2- dimensional) electric field. Flux, Statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find electric field due to uniformly charged simple systems. Conductors and insulators, presence of free charges and bound charges inside a conductor,  Capacitance (parallel plate), Dielectric material and its effect on capacitance (concept only), capacitances in series and parallel, energy of a capacitor.  Van de Graff generator. <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><br />
<br />
Unit : 12</span> Current Electricity   Introduction (flow of current), sources of e.m.f., cells : simple, secondary, chargeable, combinations of cells in series and parallel. Electric current, resistance of different materials, temperature dependence, thermistor, specific resistivity, colour code for carbon resistors. Ohm’s law and its limitation.  Superconductors (elementary ideas).  Kirchoff’s laws, resistances in series and parallel, Wheatstone’s bridge, measurement of resistance. Potentiometer – measurement of e.m.f. and internal resistance of a cell.  <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 13</span> Thermal and Chemical Effects of Currents   Electric power, heating effects of current and Joule’s law. Thermoelectricity: Seebeck effect, measurement of temperature using thermocouple. Chemical effects and Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 14 </span>Magnetic Effect of Currents   Oersted’s observation, Biot-Savart’s law (magnetic field due to an element of current), magnetic field due to a straight wire, circular loop and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic field (Lorentz force), cyclotron (simple idea), forces and torques on currents in a magnetic field, forces between two currents, definition of ampere, moving coil galvanometer, ammeter and voltmeter. Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter/ammeter.   <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 15</span> Magnetism   Bar magnet (comparison with a solenoid), magnetic lines of force, torque on a bar magnet in a magnetic field, earth’s magnetic field as a bar magnet, tangent galvanometer, vibration magnetometer. Para, dia and ferromagnetic substances with examples (simple idea). Electromagnets and permanent magnets. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 16</span> Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents   Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s Law, induced emf, self and mutual inductance.   Alternating current, and voltage, impedance and reactance; A.C. circuits containing inductance, capacitance and resistance; phase relationships, and power in a.c. circuits, L.C oscillations. Electrical machines and devices (transformer, induction coil, generator, simple motors, choke and starter), eddy current. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 17</span> Electromagnetic Waves (Qualitative Treatment)  <br />
 Electromagnetic oscillations, brief history of electromagnetic waves (Maxwell, Hertz, Bose, Marconi). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio, micro-waves, infra-red, optical, ultraviolet, X- rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses, propagation of electromagnetic waves in atmosphere. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 18</span> Ray Optics and Optical Instruments   Ray optics as a limiting case of wave optics. Phenomena of  reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection. Optical fibre. Curved mirrors, lenses; mirror and lens formulae. Dispersion by a prism. Spectrometer. Absorption and emission  spectra. Scattering and formation of rainbow. Telescope (astronomical), microscope, their magnifications and resolving powers. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 19</span> Electrons and Photons   Discovery of electron, e/m for an electron, electrical conduction in gases, photoelectric effect, particle nature of light, Einstein’s photoelectric equation, photocells.  Matter waves – wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation, Davison and Germer experiment. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 20</span> Atoms, Molecules and Nuclei   Rutherford model of the atom, Bohr model, energy quantization. Hydrogen spectrum. Composition of nucleus, atomic masses, binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus, its variation with mass number, isotopes, size of nucleus.  Radioactivity : properties of α, β and γ rays.  Mass energy relation, nuclear fission and fusion. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 21</span> Solids and Semiconductor Devices   Crystal structure-Unit cell; single, poly and liquid crystals (concepts only). Energy bands in solids, difference between conductors, insulators and semi-conductors using band theory. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction, semiconductor diodes, junction transistor, diode as rectifier, solar cell, photo diode, LED, Zener diode as a voltage regulator, transistor as an amplifier and oscillator. Combination of gates. Elementary ideas about IC.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size"><a href="http://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-AIPMT-SYLLABUS" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">CLICK HERE TO SEE FULL AIPMT SYLLABUS </a></span></span>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size"><span style="text-decoration: underline;" class="mycode_u"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">PHYSICS SYLLABUS FOR AIPMT 2014 </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 1</span> Introduction and Measurement   What is Physics? Scope and excitement; Physics in relation to science, society and technology;  Need for measurement of physical quantities, units for measurement, systems of units-SI : fundamental and derived units. Dimensions of physical quantities.  Dimensional analysis and its applications. Orders of magnitude, Accuracy and errors in measurement – random and instrumental errors, Significant figures and rounding off the numbers.    Graphs, Trigonometric functions,  Concepts of differentiation and integration. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 2 </span>Description of Motion in One Dimension   Objects in motion in one dimension, Motion in straight line, Uniform and non-uniform motion, its graphical representation and formulae, speed and velocity, relative velocity, average speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time graph, position-time graph and their formulae. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion with examples. Acceleration in one-dimensional motion. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 3</span> Description of Motion in Two and Three Dimensions   Vectors and scalars quantities, vectors in two and three dimensions,  vector addition and multiplication by a real number, null-vector and its properties. Resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components. Scalar and vector products. Motion in two dimensions, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile motion, general relation among position-velocity-acceleration for motion in a plane and uniform circular motion. Motion of objects in three dimensional space (elementary ideas). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 4 </span>Laws of Motion   Force and inertia, first law of motion. Momentum, second law of motion, impulse, examples of different kinds of forces in nature. Third law of motion, conservation of momentum, rocket propulsion. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and kinetic frictions, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication, Inertial and non-inertial frames (elementary ideas). <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 5</span> Work, Energy and Power   Work done by a constant force and by a variable force, unit of work,  energy and power.  Work Energy Theorem.  Elastic and in-elastic collisions in one and two dimensions.  Notions of potential energy, conservation of mechanical energy :  gravitational potential energy, and its conversion to kinetic energy, potential energy of a spring. Conservative forces.  Different forms of energy, mass-energy equivalence, conservation of energy. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 6</span> Rotational Motion  <br />
 Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of rigid body, general motion of a rigid body, nature of rotational motion, rotational motion of a single particle in two dimensions only, torque, angular momentum and its geometrical and physical meaning, conservation of angular momentum, examples of circular motion (car on a level circular road, car on banked road, pendulum swinging in a vertical plane). Moment of inertia, its physical significance, moment inertia of uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes, parallel axis and perpendicular axis theorem (statements only), Comparison between translatory (linear) and rotational motion. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 7 </span>Gravitation   Acceleration due to gravity, one and two dimensional motion under gravity. Universal law of gravitation, inertial and gravitational mass, variations in the acceleration due to gravity of the earth, statement of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, orbital velocity, geostationary satellites, gravitational potential, gravitational potential energy near the surface of earth,  escape velocity, weightlessness. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 8</span> Heat and Thermodynamics  <br />
 Thermal equilibrium and temperature ( zeroth law of thermodynamics).  Heat, work and internal energy. Specific heat, specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure of ideal gas and relation between them. First law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic state, equation of state and isothermals, pressure-temperature phase diagram. Thermodynamic processes (reversible, irreversible, isothermal, adiabatic). Carnot cycle, second law of thermodynamics, efficiency of heat engines. Entropy. Transfer of heat : conduction, convection and radiation. Newton ’s law of cooling.   Thermal conductivity.  Black body radiation, Wien’s law, Solar constant and surface temperature of the sun, Stefan’s law, <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 9 </span>Oscillations   Periodic and oscillatory motions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation of motion. Oscillations due to a spring, kinetic energy and potential energy in S.H.M., Simple pendulum, physical concepts of forced oscillations, resonance and damped oscillations; Simple examples. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 10</span> Waves   Longitudinal and transverse waves and wave motion, speed of progressive wave.  Principle of superposition of waves; reflection of waves, harmonic waves (qualitative treatment only), standing waves.  Normal modes and its graphical representation. Beats, Doppler effect. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 11</span> Electrostatics   Frictional electricity, charges and their conservation, unit of charge, Coulomb’s law, dielectric constant, electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric potential – its physical meaning, potential due to a di-pole, di-pole field and behaviour of dipole in a uniform (2- dimensional) electric field. Flux, Statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find electric field due to uniformly charged simple systems. Conductors and insulators, presence of free charges and bound charges inside a conductor,  Capacitance (parallel plate), Dielectric material and its effect on capacitance (concept only), capacitances in series and parallel, energy of a capacitor.  Van de Graff generator. <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><br />
<br />
Unit : 12</span> Current Electricity   Introduction (flow of current), sources of e.m.f., cells : simple, secondary, chargeable, combinations of cells in series and parallel. Electric current, resistance of different materials, temperature dependence, thermistor, specific resistivity, colour code for carbon resistors. Ohm’s law and its limitation.  Superconductors (elementary ideas).  Kirchoff’s laws, resistances in series and parallel, Wheatstone’s bridge, measurement of resistance. Potentiometer – measurement of e.m.f. and internal resistance of a cell.  <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 13</span> Thermal and Chemical Effects of Currents   Electric power, heating effects of current and Joule’s law. Thermoelectricity: Seebeck effect, measurement of temperature using thermocouple. Chemical effects and Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 14 </span>Magnetic Effect of Currents   Oersted’s observation, Biot-Savart’s law (magnetic field due to an element of current), magnetic field due to a straight wire, circular loop and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic field (Lorentz force), cyclotron (simple idea), forces and torques on currents in a magnetic field, forces between two currents, definition of ampere, moving coil galvanometer, ammeter and voltmeter. Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter/ammeter.   <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 15</span> Magnetism   Bar magnet (comparison with a solenoid), magnetic lines of force, torque on a bar magnet in a magnetic field, earth’s magnetic field as a bar magnet, tangent galvanometer, vibration magnetometer. Para, dia and ferromagnetic substances with examples (simple idea). Electromagnets and permanent magnets. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 16</span> Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents   Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s Law, induced emf, self and mutual inductance.   Alternating current, and voltage, impedance and reactance; A.C. circuits containing inductance, capacitance and resistance; phase relationships, and power in a.c. circuits, L.C oscillations. Electrical machines and devices (transformer, induction coil, generator, simple motors, choke and starter), eddy current. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 17</span> Electromagnetic Waves (Qualitative Treatment)  <br />
 Electromagnetic oscillations, brief history of electromagnetic waves (Maxwell, Hertz, Bose, Marconi). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio, micro-waves, infra-red, optical, ultraviolet, X- rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses, propagation of electromagnetic waves in atmosphere. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 18</span> Ray Optics and Optical Instruments   Ray optics as a limiting case of wave optics. Phenomena of  reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection. Optical fibre. Curved mirrors, lenses; mirror and lens formulae. Dispersion by a prism. Spectrometer. Absorption and emission  spectra. Scattering and formation of rainbow. Telescope (astronomical), microscope, their magnifications and resolving powers. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 19</span> Electrons and Photons   Discovery of electron, e/m for an electron, electrical conduction in gases, photoelectric effect, particle nature of light, Einstein’s photoelectric equation, photocells.  Matter waves – wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation, Davison and Germer experiment. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 20</span> Atoms, Molecules and Nuclei   Rutherford model of the atom, Bohr model, energy quantization. Hydrogen spectrum. Composition of nucleus, atomic masses, binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus, its variation with mass number, isotopes, size of nucleus.  Radioactivity : properties of α, β and γ rays.  Mass energy relation, nuclear fission and fusion. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Unit : 21</span> Solids and Semiconductor Devices   Crystal structure-Unit cell; single, poly and liquid crystals (concepts only). Energy bands in solids, difference between conductors, insulators and semi-conductors using band theory. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction, semiconductor diodes, junction transistor, diode as rectifier, solar cell, photo diode, LED, Zener diode as a voltage regulator, transistor as an amplifier and oscillator. Combination of gates. Elementary ideas about IC.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size"><a href="http://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-AIPMT-SYLLABUS" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">CLICK HERE TO SEE FULL AIPMT SYLLABUS </a></span></span>]]></content:encoded>
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			<title><![CDATA[AIPMT 2011]]></title>
			<link>https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-AIPMT-2011</link>
			<pubDate>Mon, 08 Jul 2013 17:29:47 +0000</pubDate>
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			<description><![CDATA[<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">HI STUDENTS!!!</span><br />
<br />
This is question paper of AIPMT of year 2011 provided by <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">akash institute</span><br />
<br />
regards<br />
rusty</span><br /><!-- start: postbit_attachments_attachment -->
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">HI STUDENTS!!!</span><br />
<br />
This is question paper of AIPMT of year 2011 provided by <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">akash institute</span><br />
<br />
regards<br />
rusty</span><br /><!-- start: postbit_attachments_attachment -->
<div class="row mt-2 g-1 text-muted">
	<div class="col-auto align-self-center">

<!-- start: attachment_icon -->
<img src="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/images/attachtypes/zip.png" title="ZIP File" style="height: 16px; width: 16px" border="0" alt=".zip" />
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	</div>
	<div class="col align-self-center">
		<a href="attachment.php?aid=744" target="_blank" title="">aipmt question paper 2011.ZIP</a> (Size: <span class="text-dark">24.06 MB</span> Downloads: <span class="text-dark">253)</span>
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			<title><![CDATA[AIPMT 2010 SOLVED PAPERS]]></title>
			<link>https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-AIPMT-2010-SOLVED-PAPERS</link>
			<pubDate>Sun, 02 Jun 2013 17:12:13 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/member.php?action=profile&uid=1">rusty cool</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-AIPMT-2010-SOLVED-PAPERS</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size">HI STUDENTS!!!</span></span><br />
these are the previous year papers of aipmt 2010 of indian board, these are the solved papers and you can download all these free..<br />
so download and dont forget to register here....</span><br /><!-- start: postbit_attachments_attachment -->
<div class="row mt-2 g-1 text-muted">
	<div class="col-auto align-self-center">

<!-- start: attachment_icon -->
<img src="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/images/attachtypes/zip.png" title="ZIP File" style="height: 16px; width: 16px" border="0" alt=".zip" />
<!-- end: attachment_icon -->
		
	</div>
	<div class="col align-self-center">
		<a href="attachment.php?aid=741" target="_blank" title="">aipmt 2010 mains solved.zip</a> (Size: <span class="text-dark">812.96 KB</span> Downloads: <span class="text-dark">317)</span>
	</div>
</div>
<!-- end: postbit_attachments_attachment --><br /><!-- start: postbit_attachments_attachment -->
<div class="row mt-2 g-1 text-muted">
	<div class="col-auto align-self-center">

<!-- start: attachment_icon -->
<img src="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/images/attachtypes/zip.png" title="ZIP File" style="height: 16px; width: 16px" border="0" alt=".zip" />
<!-- end: attachment_icon -->
		
	</div>
	<div class="col align-self-center">
		<a href="attachment.php?aid=742" target="_blank" title="">aipmt 2010 prelims solved.zip</a> (Size: <span class="text-dark">849.85 KB</span> Downloads: <span class="text-dark">266)</span>
	</div>
</div>
<!-- end: postbit_attachments_attachment -->]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size">HI STUDENTS!!!</span></span><br />
these are the previous year papers of aipmt 2010 of indian board, these are the solved papers and you can download all these free..<br />
so download and dont forget to register here....</span><br /><!-- start: postbit_attachments_attachment -->
<div class="row mt-2 g-1 text-muted">
	<div class="col-auto align-self-center">

<!-- start: attachment_icon -->
<img src="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/images/attachtypes/zip.png" title="ZIP File" style="height: 16px; width: 16px" border="0" alt=".zip" />
<!-- end: attachment_icon -->
		
	</div>
	<div class="col align-self-center">
		<a href="attachment.php?aid=741" target="_blank" title="">aipmt 2010 mains solved.zip</a> (Size: <span class="text-dark">812.96 KB</span> Downloads: <span class="text-dark">317)</span>
	</div>
</div>
<!-- end: postbit_attachments_attachment --><br /><!-- start: postbit_attachments_attachment -->
<div class="row mt-2 g-1 text-muted">
	<div class="col-auto align-self-center">

<!-- start: attachment_icon -->
<img src="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/images/attachtypes/zip.png" title="ZIP File" style="height: 16px; width: 16px" border="0" alt=".zip" />
<!-- end: attachment_icon -->
		
	</div>
	<div class="col align-self-center">
		<a href="attachment.php?aid=742" target="_blank" title="">aipmt 2010 prelims solved.zip</a> (Size: <span class="text-dark">849.85 KB</span> Downloads: <span class="text-dark">266)</span>
	</div>
</div>
<!-- end: postbit_attachments_attachment -->]]></content:encoded>
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			<title><![CDATA[AIPMT SYLLABUS]]></title>
			<link>https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-AIPMT-SYLLABUS</link>
			<pubDate>Tue, 28 May 2013 18:00:40 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/member.php?action=profile&uid=1">rusty cool</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-AIPMT-SYLLABUS</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<ul class="mycode_list"><li><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size"><a href="http://studentsuvidha.in/forum/Thread-AIPMT-PHYSICS-SYLLABUS-2014-ALL-UNITS" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">PHYSICS</a></span><br />
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="mycode_list"><li><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size">BIOLOGY</span><br />
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="mycode_list"><li><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size">CHEMISTRY</span><br />
</li>
</ul>
<br />
COMING SOON]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ul class="mycode_list"><li><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size"><a href="http://studentsuvidha.in/forum/Thread-AIPMT-PHYSICS-SYLLABUS-2014-ALL-UNITS" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">PHYSICS</a></span><br />
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="mycode_list"><li><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size">BIOLOGY</span><br />
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="mycode_list"><li><span style="font-size: medium;" class="mycode_size">CHEMISTRY</span><br />
</li>
</ul>
<br />
COMING SOON]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[FROM ADMIN]]></title>
			<link>https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-FROM-ADMIN--106</link>
			<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 19:49:35 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/member.php?action=profile&uid=1">rusty cool</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-FROM-ADMIN--106</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<span style="color: #FF0000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: x-large;" class="mycode_size">HI STUDENTS!!!!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000080;" class="mycode_color">THIS SECTION IS MADE ONLY FOR {AIPMT} ALL INDIA PRE MEDICAL TEST...<br />
HERE YOU WILL GET ALL PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS OF AIPMT, NOTES, SAMPLE PAPERS AS PER YOUR DEMAND SO IF YOU NEED ANYTHING THEN PLEASE FEEL FREE TO POST HERE...<br />
</span><br />
THANKS <br />
RUSTY<br />
<br />
NOTE: IF YOU HAVE ANY STUFF WHICH IS NOT UPLOADED TO OUR SITE THEN PLEASE POST HERE OTHER STUDENT WILL BE HELPFUL TO YOU... </span></span>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<span style="color: #FF0000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: x-large;" class="mycode_size">HI STUDENTS!!!!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000080;" class="mycode_color">THIS SECTION IS MADE ONLY FOR {AIPMT} ALL INDIA PRE MEDICAL TEST...<br />
HERE YOU WILL GET ALL PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS OF AIPMT, NOTES, SAMPLE PAPERS AS PER YOUR DEMAND SO IF YOU NEED ANYTHING THEN PLEASE FEEL FREE TO POST HERE...<br />
</span><br />
THANKS <br />
RUSTY<br />
<br />
NOTE: IF YOU HAVE ANY STUFF WHICH IS NOT UPLOADED TO OUR SITE THEN PLEASE POST HERE OTHER STUDENT WILL BE HELPFUL TO YOU... </span></span>]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[AIPMT previous papers 2012]]></title>
			<link>https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-AIPMT-previous-papers-2012</link>
			<pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2013 10:36:56 +0000</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/member.php?action=profile&uid=1">rusty cool</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/Thread-AIPMT-previous-papers-2012</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[AIPMT PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS.....<br />
<br />
here is aipmt year 2012 solved question paper in hindi or english....<br />
<br />
go to attachment to download solved papers...<br /><!-- start: postbit_attachments_attachment -->
<div class="row mt-2 g-1 text-muted">
	<div class="col-auto align-self-center">

<!-- start: attachment_icon -->
<img src="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/images/attachtypes/zip.png" title="ZIP File" style="height: 16px; width: 16px" border="0" alt=".zip" />
<!-- end: attachment_icon -->
		
	</div>
	<div class="col align-self-center">
		<a href="attachment.php?aid=739" target="_blank" title="">aipmt 2012 english with solution.zip</a> (Size: <span class="text-dark">2.18 MB</span> Downloads: <span class="text-dark">900)</span>
	</div>
</div>
<!-- end: postbit_attachments_attachment --><br /><!-- start: postbit_attachments_attachment -->
<div class="row mt-2 g-1 text-muted">
	<div class="col-auto align-self-center">

<!-- start: attachment_icon -->
<img src="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/images/attachtypes/zip.png" title="ZIP File" style="height: 16px; width: 16px" border="0" alt=".zip" />
<!-- end: attachment_icon -->
		
	</div>
	<div class="col align-self-center">
		<a href="attachment.php?aid=740" target="_blank" title="">aipmt 2012 hindi with solution.zip</a> (Size: <span class="text-dark">2.29 MB</span> Downloads: <span class="text-dark">450)</span>
	</div>
</div>
<!-- end: postbit_attachments_attachment -->]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[AIPMT PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS.....<br />
<br />
here is aipmt year 2012 solved question paper in hindi or english....<br />
<br />
go to attachment to download solved papers...<br /><!-- start: postbit_attachments_attachment -->
<div class="row mt-2 g-1 text-muted">
	<div class="col-auto align-self-center">

<!-- start: attachment_icon -->
<img src="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/images/attachtypes/zip.png" title="ZIP File" style="height: 16px; width: 16px" border="0" alt=".zip" />
<!-- end: attachment_icon -->
		
	</div>
	<div class="col align-self-center">
		<a href="attachment.php?aid=739" target="_blank" title="">aipmt 2012 english with solution.zip</a> (Size: <span class="text-dark">2.18 MB</span> Downloads: <span class="text-dark">900)</span>
	</div>
</div>
<!-- end: postbit_attachments_attachment --><br /><!-- start: postbit_attachments_attachment -->
<div class="row mt-2 g-1 text-muted">
	<div class="col-auto align-self-center">

<!-- start: attachment_icon -->
<img src="https://studentsuvidha.com/forum/images/attachtypes/zip.png" title="ZIP File" style="height: 16px; width: 16px" border="0" alt=".zip" />
<!-- end: attachment_icon -->
		
	</div>
	<div class="col align-self-center">
		<a href="attachment.php?aid=740" target="_blank" title="">aipmt 2012 hindi with solution.zip</a> (Size: <span class="text-dark">2.29 MB</span> Downloads: <span class="text-dark">450)</span>
	</div>
</div>
<!-- end: postbit_attachments_attachment -->]]></content:encoded>
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