SYLLABUS:-

UNIT-I 
Introduction: Syntax, semantics and pragmatics; Formal translation models, Variables, Expressions & Statements, Binding time spectrum; Variables and expressions; Assignment; I-values and r-values; Environments and stores; Storage allocation; Constants and initialization; Statement-level control structure.

UNIT-II                          
Primitive Types: Pointers; Structured types; Coercion; Notion of type equivalence; 
Polymorphism: overloading, inheritance, type parameterization, Abstract data types; Information hiding and abstraction; Visibility, Procedures, Modules, Classes, Packages, Objects and Object-Oriented Programming.

UNIT-III                   
Storage Management:  Static and dynamic, stack-based, and heap-based storage management. 
Sequence Control: Implicit and explicit sequencing with arithmetic and non-arithmetic expressions; Sequence control between statements. 
Subprogram Control: Subprogram sequence control, data control and referencing environments; parameter passing; static and dynamic scope; block structure.

UNIT-IV                                                                           
Concurrent Programming: Concepts, Communication, Deadlocks, Semaphores, Monitors, Threads, Synchronization. 
Logic programming: Introduction; Rules, Structured Data and Scope of the variables; Operators and Functions; Recursion and recursive rules; Lists, Input and Output; Program control; Logic Program design.