introduction to surveying, btech notes civil engineering

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this is the hand made notes of surveying


contents:-

• introduction to surveying
  
• types of surveying
  
• principle of surveying
  
• linear measurements: scale, ratio, vernier, double vernier, shrunk scale, shrinkage factor
  
• correction due to incorrect length of chain/tape
  
• tape correction
  
• hypotensial correction
  
• correction due to alignment
  
• correction due to temprature
  
• correction due to sag
  

if you like this notes then please share and dont forget to post some more useful stuff for students

thanks
rusty

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